Monday, February 20, 2012
Lipid Sensor GPR120 Linked to Obesity in Mice and Humans
A protein that acts as a lipid sensor, GPR120, can lead to obesity when defective in mice and humans, according to a study published online Feb. 19 in Nature...
Sunday, February 12, 2012
Four Natural Extracts With Anti-Obesity Effects Tested On Rats
University of Granada researchers have identified four plant extracts that might help in preventing and fighting obesity. The researchers identified the most effective plant extracts through in vitro assays; subsequently, extracts were tested on rats. While the results obtained are promising, further studies on animals are required to evaluate and confirm the anti-obesity effects of these extracts. Once their anti-obesity effects are confirmed on animals, the extracts will be tested on humans...
Saturday, February 11, 2012
NIH grant targets inflammation in link between obesity and disease
Preliminary results in mice point way to a potential treatment
If you are obese, you are at great risk of developing heart disease and diabetes. But research now underway at Eastern Virginia Medical School could drastically improve your odds of avoiding these serious diseases.
EVMS has secured a major, five-year research grant from the National Institutes of Health that may lead to ways to prevent the development of these diseases linked to obesity. The $1.8 million grant supports a multidisciplinary study of how to safely thwart chronic inflammation; scientists believe that inflammation triggers disease in people who are overweight.
"Inflammation is key to why central 'belly' fat leads to high risks for diabetes, heart disease and maybe even some forms of cancer," says Jerry L. Nadler, MD, director of the EVMS Strelitz Diabetes Center and principal investigator on the grant.
Inflammation is vital to our health. The immune system uses acute inflammation to battle certain infections and heal wounds; it subsides when no longer needed. But chronic inflammation can cause problems. It is this long-term inflammation that Dr. Nadler and his colleagues are targeting.
Obesity — now at epidemic levels in the United Sates — represents a major public-health challenge for the nation. The risk of having a heart attack triples during obesity. Nearly 80 percent of people who develop type 2 diabetes (often as a result of obesity) also develop heart disease...
If you are obese, you are at great risk of developing heart disease and diabetes. But research now underway at Eastern Virginia Medical School could drastically improve your odds of avoiding these serious diseases.
EVMS has secured a major, five-year research grant from the National Institutes of Health that may lead to ways to prevent the development of these diseases linked to obesity. The $1.8 million grant supports a multidisciplinary study of how to safely thwart chronic inflammation; scientists believe that inflammation triggers disease in people who are overweight.
"Inflammation is key to why central 'belly' fat leads to high risks for diabetes, heart disease and maybe even some forms of cancer," says Jerry L. Nadler, MD, director of the EVMS Strelitz Diabetes Center and principal investigator on the grant.
Inflammation is vital to our health. The immune system uses acute inflammation to battle certain infections and heal wounds; it subsides when no longer needed. But chronic inflammation can cause problems. It is this long-term inflammation that Dr. Nadler and his colleagues are targeting.
Obesity — now at epidemic levels in the United Sates — represents a major public-health challenge for the nation. The risk of having a heart attack triples during obesity. Nearly 80 percent of people who develop type 2 diabetes (often as a result of obesity) also develop heart disease...
Study Unlocks Secrets of Red Wine Chemical
If you love to sit back and sip a glass of cabernet or pinot noir, you can feel good knowing that the health benefits of red wine are now a little less mysterious. Scientists have uncovered how resveratrol, the chemical found in grape skins, peanuts and dark chocolate, works in mice to help fight several chronic diseases.
For the past decade, researchers have been intrigued by the apparent health benefits of resveratrol, which has been shown to fight obesity, type 2 diabetes and cancer in mice and seems to have some health benefits for humans. But no one understood how the chemical worked its magic on the body.
Now a new study from the National Institutes of Health has deciphered just how the chemical interacts with the body’s cells. The research is complicated, but spells out good news for the potential of the red-wine compound to treat chronic diseases.
Dr. Jay Chung, the study’s lead author, said resveratrol is tricky because it’s a “dirty molecule,” meaning it interacts in lots of different ways with the cells of the body, some good and some bad. By first testing cells in the lab and then testing mice, Chung and his team were able to identify which of resveratrol’s cellular hook-ups delivered the chemical’s benefits...
For the past decade, researchers have been intrigued by the apparent health benefits of resveratrol, which has been shown to fight obesity, type 2 diabetes and cancer in mice and seems to have some health benefits for humans. But no one understood how the chemical worked its magic on the body.
Now a new study from the National Institutes of Health has deciphered just how the chemical interacts with the body’s cells. The research is complicated, but spells out good news for the potential of the red-wine compound to treat chronic diseases.
Dr. Jay Chung, the study’s lead author, said resveratrol is tricky because it’s a “dirty molecule,” meaning it interacts in lots of different ways with the cells of the body, some good and some bad. By first testing cells in the lab and then testing mice, Chung and his team were able to identify which of resveratrol’s cellular hook-ups delivered the chemical’s benefits...
Researchers find obesity begins in brain
Though most people think obesity is a problem of hips, thighs and bellies, a new study by US scientists shows that obesity begins in the brain where the female hormone estrogen plays a role.
The study by a group of researchers, led by Baylor College of Medicine and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, shows that the hormone works through two populations of neurons, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) neurons and the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, in a particular part of the brain called the hypothalamus.
The researchers found that the two kinds of neurons play different but important roles in metabolism, fat distribution and appetite control, according to the February issue of the Baylor College of Medicine news.
"Before menopause, women are protected from obesity and associated disorders by estrogen," said Dr. Yong Xu, the first author of the study and assistant professor of the USDA Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center at BCM and Texas Children's Hospital.
After menopause, the risk of obesity in women rises, while the risks of estrogen replacement therapy outweigh its effect on reducing obesity, Xu said.
Researchers studied four different kinds of mice to determine the effect of estrogen and focused their work on neurons in the hypothalamus that carry an estrogen receptor alpha. The hypothalamus links the nervous system to the endocrine system to regulate multiple physiological processes, including those controlling bodyweight...
The study by a group of researchers, led by Baylor College of Medicine and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, shows that the hormone works through two populations of neurons, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) neurons and the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, in a particular part of the brain called the hypothalamus.
The researchers found that the two kinds of neurons play different but important roles in metabolism, fat distribution and appetite control, according to the February issue of the Baylor College of Medicine news.
"Before menopause, women are protected from obesity and associated disorders by estrogen," said Dr. Yong Xu, the first author of the study and assistant professor of the USDA Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center at BCM and Texas Children's Hospital.
After menopause, the risk of obesity in women rises, while the risks of estrogen replacement therapy outweigh its effect on reducing obesity, Xu said.
Researchers studied four different kinds of mice to determine the effect of estrogen and focused their work on neurons in the hypothalamus that carry an estrogen receptor alpha. The hypothalamus links the nervous system to the endocrine system to regulate multiple physiological processes, including those controlling bodyweight...
Can we ‘catch’ obesity and liver disease? Mice can
Here’s a new study from Yale University that adds another layer of complexity to the obesity puzzle: Lab mice whose intestinal enviroments were altered to create a deficiency in their immune responses developed a population of microbes in their stomachs that led to obesity and liver disease.
And healthy mice, when put in cages with the infected mice, developed the same population of microbes and the same propensity for obesity, metabolic syndrome and chronic liver disease...
And healthy mice, when put in cages with the infected mice, developed the same population of microbes and the same propensity for obesity, metabolic syndrome and chronic liver disease...
Exercise hormone can fight obesity
Irisin, a polypeptide hormone found in both humans and mice is a membrane protein in muscle cells that breaks down during exercise and secreted as a hormone, said researchers at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School in the US.
The hormone which is named after Iris, the messenger of the gods in Greek mythology acts as a chemical messenger and induces ordinary “white” fat cells to convert into “brown fat,” a type of adipose tissue that helps regulate body temperature, while burning a tremendous amount of energy in the process.
After injecting irisin into mice, researchers found that the hormone switched on genes that convert white fat into “good” brown fat which burns off more excess calories than does exercise alone, says the report published in the journal Nature...
The hormone which is named after Iris, the messenger of the gods in Greek mythology acts as a chemical messenger and induces ordinary “white” fat cells to convert into “brown fat,” a type of adipose tissue that helps regulate body temperature, while burning a tremendous amount of energy in the process.
After injecting irisin into mice, researchers found that the hormone switched on genes that convert white fat into “good” brown fat which burns off more excess calories than does exercise alone, says the report published in the journal Nature...
Could a pill help fight obesity?
Boston researchers have discovered a hormone produced by muscles during exercise which boosts the amount of calories the body burns.
In experiments with mice, Harvard Medical School researchers found that inducing greater levels of the hormone in obese, pre-diabetic mice led to weight loss, increased energy expenditure, and improvements in insulin resistance, which is a risk factor for diabetes...
In experiments with mice, Harvard Medical School researchers found that inducing greater levels of the hormone in obese, pre-diabetic mice led to weight loss, increased energy expenditure, and improvements in insulin resistance, which is a risk factor for diabetes...
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